Ανθρώπινο γονιδίωμα

Ανθρώπινο γονιδίωμα

• The first human genome sequences were published in nearly complete draft form in February 2001 by the Human Genome Project^[6] and Celera Corporation.^[7]

• The haploid human genome (23 chromosomes) is about 3 billion base pairs long and contains around 30,000 genes.^[27] Since every base pair can be coded by 2 bits, this is about 750 megabytes of data. An individual somatic (diploid) cell contains twice this amount, that is, about 6 billion base pairs. Men have fewer than women because the Y chromosome is about 57 million base pairs whereas the X is about 156 million, but in terms of information men have more because the second X contains almost the same information as the first^{[citation needed]}. Since individual genomes vary in sequence by less than 1% from each other, the variations of a given human's genome from a common reference can be losslessly compressed to roughly 4 megabytes.^[28]